General Paper (GP) Essay Questions 2023 and Thematic Strategies

GP Essay Questions (2023) and Thematic Strategies

Looking for the 2022 A Levels Essay Questions? It’s over here!

Practicing prelim questions is an effective strategy to prevent us from stumbling over our actual A Level questions in the exam because it familiarises us with the relevant issues/debates under a specific Theme.

Below are questions from this year’s prelim papers, including the 17 schools*. I have organised them into Themes for our easy reference. I have also added my own insights for each Theme to provide important tips on what we have to take note of if we want to provide critical and quality responses for questions under that Theme. I separated ‘Standard’ questions from ‘Others’ that are more niche or unconventional. I also marked out questions that are more difficult because of various modifiers.

The major Themes to focus on are: Arts, Science & Tech, Individuals & Values, Politics, Media, Environment, General. These themes have been selected based on their frequency in the A Levels. Themes not included here are those that are not common for A Levels (e.g. Education, Sports, Crime, Poverty, Family, Economics)

So below are nearly 200 questions that I have compiled for the year of 2023, all for your easy reference 🙂 If you need more questions, please check out the three-year compilation (2017, 2018, 2019) or  2020, 2021, 2022. I have also included some general questions for those of you who prefer to attempt general questions.

*17 schools: ACJC, ASRJC, CJC, DHS, EJC, HCI, JPJC, MI, NJC, NYJC, RI, RVHS, SAJC, TJC, TMJC, VJC, YIJC 

Read the following overview to maximise the benefit of this resource!

Overview (Tips for Effective Revision)

• Prepare content knowledge in a Thematic way to ensure maximum effectiveness during the A Levels where our content knowledge would likely be applicable
• Choose at least 3 Themes to specialise in. Recommended to avoid Themes that are not in these 6 because they do not come up that frequently in the exam
• Look at questions to familiarise with what common issues come up for that Theme
• Identify existing gaps in content knowledge and fill in those gaps
• Use questions for practice; come up with detailed essay plans(20 mins per question) and quickly cover as many questions as possible to increase exposure to the different ways a Theme can be tested

Standard questions are predictable core issues that are a ‘must-know’ when specialising in that theme. Standard questions marked with ‘difficult’ are usually because they are similar to standard questions but have other specific requirements that make them challenging to address. Other questions marked with ‘difficult’ will be explained in that section.

To find out more about the essential arguments to answer any standard question, check out our 6-weeks Content Crash Course that offers 150+ arguments and 300+ examples to cover all these standard questions! In just 6 lessons, you will easily master all the content knowledge required and feel very confident for the A Levels 🙂 Click here to find out more and sign up

1. Arts/Heritage

Arts (Standard)

1. Consider the view that artists are undervalued in our modern society.
2. Should all works of art be valued equally?
3. In your society, can preserving traditions and pursuing progress be reconciled?
4. Can the arts teach us anything meaningful about the real world?
5. ‘Reading offers solutions to the pressing problems in the world.’ Do you agree?
6. ‘A society that tells its artists what they cannot do short-changes itself.’ Discuss.
7. ‘The key reason for conserving a culture is its commercial value.’ How far is this true of your society?
8. To what extent do the Arts contribute to the Singaporean identity?
9. ‘Traditional beliefs have little value in the modern world.’ Discuss.
10. ‘Storybooks exist only to keep children entertained.’ Discuss.
11. ‘Contemporary music contributes nothing of value to society.’ How far do you agree?
12. ‘Traditions have no value in a modern world.’What is your view?
13. Examine the claim that fantasy fiction is engaging, but meaningless.
14. ‘Modern technology is more of a benefit than a threat to the arts.’
15. Do cultural practices still have a place in your society?
16. ‘Limits should never be set on artistic expression.’ Do you agree?
17. Do museums still have value in today’s world? – Difficult

 Arts (Others) – Difficult

1. ‘The demise of the cinema is inevitable.’ Discuss.
2. ‘Fashion is nothing more than a frivolous pursuit.’ How far do you agree?
3. ‘The world would be a better place if everyone spoke the same language.’ Do you agree?
4. To what extent are games a waste of time?
5. Is having a sense of wonder still possible in today’s world?
6. To what extent is curiosity becoming increasingly important?
7. To what extent is the globalisation of culture overrated?

Insight/Strategy: When we look at Arts, one of the key question lies in its Value – whether or not the arts has value and can serve a certain function (think of it like useful vs useless/problematic). This exists at the core of Arts questions but are often phrased in different ways. We need to ensure that we do not just regurgitate the content we are familiar with. Instead, we should address the key terms (e.g. teach us anything meaningful, solves pressing problems, contributes to society).

For the more specific or varied art forms like films, literature, television adaptation, we would need to have concrete examples for these even if the arguments are similar to the more general idea of ‘the Arts’. Do note that the various forms of the arts include: films, music, literature, painting, sculpture, dance, theatre.

Less typical questions would include other areas of the arts that have less artistic elements (these are not considered the arts but have some significant overlaps): fashion, tourism, language, heritage/tradition. The area of heritage/tradition also revolves around the idea of value (specific questions may examine whether traditions have value apart from economic benefits).

I recommend also paying special attention to the way technology impacts the arts (qn 14). Even though it’s not popular in the 2023 prelims, I still predict that this may appear in the A Levels because of the recent advancements in generative AI creating art).

Pros-Cons of this Theme:

• Highly common in the A Levels
• Less popular with students = Easier to differentiate yourself and score well
• Questions are often very standard. Just by knowing arguments about value of art can already answer many of the questions below (can refer to the sample essay I have shared on the value of films) |Tip: Take the stand that art has value! It is much easier to argue and shows that we are cultured 🙂
• Honestly, no cons!

2. Science

Sci/Tech (Standard)

1. Should limits be placed on the development of artificial intelligence?
2. To what extent is the development of gene technology acceptable? – Difficult
3. ‘Technological innovations should be driven by the needs of the masses, not the desires of the rich.’ To what extent do you agree?
4. Are the latest scientific findings or technological inventions a cause for concern?
5. How far is the digital age a level playing field?
6. To what extent is technological innovation desirable?
7. Should private companies be involved in the financing of scientific research?
8. Those who control technology control the world today.’ How far do you agree? – Difficult
9. Do technological advancements today truly help people to achieve their dreams? – Difficult
10. To what extent can we trust scientific research that is privately funded?
11. Should people be allowed to artificially enhance their bodies for non-medical reasons?– Difficult
12. Consider the argument that scientific research should not be limited by ethical considerations.
13. ‘Modern technology has made us more vulnerable than ever before.’ Do you agree?
14. ‘The pursuit of medical science has gone too far.’ Do you agree? – Difficult

Sci/Tech (Others) – Difficult

1. Assess the view that women are not as successful as men in the scientific field.
2. Consider the view that technology today is helpful to teaching but harmful to learning.
3. Do you agree that religion merely stands in the way of scientific advancement?
4. ‘Science is too complicated for most people to be truly interested in it.’ Do you agree?
5. Is having a sense of wonder still possible in today’s world?
6. To what extent is curiosity becoming increasingly important?

Insight/Strategy: The first main issues lies with Impact. However, given that Sci & Tech questions often have complex modifiers that add niche requirements to the question, we would need to tweak our arguments to address these different ideas of impact. We need to pay attention to the specific impacts the question chooses to focus on (e.g. is it acceptable, cause for concern, level playing field, desirability, control the world, achieve dreams, made us vulnerable, gone too far). It becomes important to really interpret these terms and consider how to address them instead of merely regurgitating pros-cons. This year, ‘control the world’ and ‘achieve dreams’ are more challenging because they are highly specific.

The next big group looks at the more Current/Futuristic forms of Sci &Tech. Although these questions are not as popular in the 2023 prelims, it remains a significant issue in the A Levels (based on past trends). I would personally also predict that the latest advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) makes it a very prominent issue. Gene technology is also a specific area that is interesting to look at.

Another group of questions examine whether there should be any Restrictions/Limitations on Sci & Tech (e.g. place limits, allowing artificial enhancement, limited by ethics).

Note the difference between scientific research and technology. Remember that scientific research refers to the knowledge, theoretical and academic aspects whereas technology refers to the applied and practical uses. For instance, social media is a technology but it is not related to scientific research. It is important to clearly note whether the question engages with Science or Technology, and to use the suitable examples.

Pros-Cons of this Theme:

• Highly common in the A Levels
• Students are usually exposed to ideas of tech in schools and in their lives, making this quite relatable (can tap into prior knowledge)
• More popular with students = Harder to differentiate yourself and score well (this is usually the most attempted question in every year!)
• Questions are not standard, there are many variations that make it difficult to answer without proper question analysis | Exception: Questions about impact are quite standard, just need to adapt arguments and examples to ATQ
• Examples are difficult – need to be updated (since Sci & Tech is constantly and rapidly advancing) + must avoid cliché examples that many students like using

3. Individuals & Values

Individuals & Values (Standard)

1. To what extent are rules and regulations desirable?
2. ‘Do only what is right. Is this good advice?
3. ‘Difficult roads lead to beautiful destinations.’ Examine the claim that there can only be benefits from facing challenging circumstances.
4. Examine the claim that the world is too competitive today.
5. Hard work is the key to success. Discuss in relation to your society.
6. To what extent is authenticity valuable today?
7. ‘Compassion, more than resilience, is what we need.’ To what extent is this true of your society?
8. Is diversity seen as a threat or opportunity in your society?
9. Assess the view that an individual’s attempt to bring about real societal change can never be effective.
10. Should people in your society be encouraged to take more risks?
11. ‘Revolution can only be a good thing.’ Comment.
12. ‘Wherever power and wealth are at stake, there will be corruption.’ Comment. – Difficult
13. How far is personal well-being valued in your society?
14. Should we always right a wrong when we see it? – Difficult
15. Does anger ever settle anything? – Difficult 
16. ‘Dissenting voices are vital for societal progress.’ How accurate is this claim in your society?
17. ‘Expeditions into the unknown are well worth the risks.’ What is your view?
18. ‘Happiness has nothing to do with income.’ Do you agree?
19. To what extent should your society focus on happiness rather than prosperity?
20. ‘Rest is for the weak’. Discuss.
21. ‘Invisible people living invisible lives.’ How true is this of the world today?
22. ‘Embracing risks is essential to achieving success in today’s world.’ To what extent is this true?
23. ‘Every man for himself.’ To what extent does this describe your society?
24. Can any society ever be truly harmonious?
25. To what extent does social class determine an individual’s success in your society?
26. How relevant is loyalty today?
27. “We should always forgive those who wrong us.” Is this good advice?
28. ‘In a competitive world, only success matters.’ How true is this of your society?
29. Is cultural diversity a threat or an asset to society?
30. To what extent can unity be forged in an increasingly polarised world?
31. Examine the claim that change is always better.
32. ‘New is always better.’ What is your view?

Individuals & Values (Others) – Difficult

1. ‘We expect too much from public figures.’ Discuss.
2. To what extent is it fair to expect public figures to be good role models?
3. Too many people are famous for the wrong reasons today.” Is this a fair comment?
4. ‘Schools should discourage rather than promote conformity.’ How far do you agree?
5. Consider the view that working from home is the answer to work-life balance problems?

Insight/Strategy: I came up with this Theme, so you wouldn’t find this anywhere else! This is a very easy-to-master Theme, and also something very commonly tested! Individual/Values are questions that are more philosophical in considering the importance of different values in an individual’s life (e.g. Success/Adversity, Happiness, Competitiveness vs Selflessness, Freedom/Originality/Conformity, Integrity). We can do very well when we realise how these questions are repetitive. You will see many similar questions below that essentially ask about the same thing. The strategy lies in how we are able to tweak our content knowledge to handle different phrasings (a common strategy across Themes that you will notice I keep emphasising).

For Success, questions prompt us to ponder value/desirability and what defines success (e.g. perseverance in challenging circumstances, hard work, rest, embracing risks). For Happiness, it is often intertwined with ideas of wealth and income. For Non-conformity, questions are interested in whether there is value in being unconventional (e.g. diversity, taking risks, expeditions into the unknown, embracing change, accepting what is new). You will notice there are significant similarities across these topics because they all relate to values found in an individual’s life; this makes it easier because knowing one issue helps with arguments for another.

The structure of the essay response becomes fairly straightforward where we analyse the pros-cons of these values, while keeping in mind certain modifiers that could change the question (e.g. Absolutes). The examples to substantiate these arguments would relate mainly to prominent individuals (public figures) based on their words and actions; other examples include other entities like countries, corporations, and organisations.

Additionally, another big focus is on Social movements and Activism to consider its value and importance (e.g. bring about societal change, revolution, dissenting voices, right a wrong, invisible people being seen, forging unity amidst polarisation). This is categorised here because individuals are drivers of activism and they use activism to manage power dynamics with governments, Also, activism is intertwiened with the other values being mentioned above (like success or selflessness). This has always been an incredibly popular question type. In 2022, I predicted this and it did come out! 2023 and 2024 may still find ways to focus on the same issue, but with a different question framing. This includes both the Value/Effectiveness of Activism + what contributes to successful Activism.

Pros-Cons of this Theme:

• Highly common in the A Levels
• Less popular with students = Easier to differentiate yourself and score well
• Questions have a lot of overlaps, making it easy to adapt arguments we know for many questions in this theme
• Questions are often short, phrased directly, and do not have as many modifiers
• Have a lot of synergies with other Themes also because of how general it is
• Honestly, no cons!

4. Politics

Politics (Standard)

1. ‘The greatness of a nation can be judged by how it treats its weakest members.’ To what extent is this true?
2. Should the government intervene in the personal decisions of people in your society?
3. In times of emergencies, governments should have complete control over people’s rights. Do you agree?
4. How far is an understanding of history important in tackling major conflicts of today? – Difficult
5. ‘Foreign aid is never truly charitable.’ How far do you agree?
6. ‘International efforts to solve conflicts are doomed to fail.’ Discuss.
7. Is wealth the best measure of a nation’s success?
8. How necessary is it to care about international affairs over thatof one’s country?
9. ‘The primary responsibility for personal well-being should lie with the individual rather than the state.’ Discuss. – Difficult
10. Evaluate the effectiveness of international efforts in addressing global challenges.
11. To be ready for war is to preserve peace.’ Is this good advice for political leaders?
12. ‘Forgive, but not forget.’ Is this good advice for societies today?
13. ‘Today’s political leaders are only interested in holding on to power.’ Do you agree?
14. Is a thriving economy the best measure of a good government?
15. Should countries be obliged to help other countries when their own citizens are facing problems?
16. ‘Morality and politics can never co-exist.’ What is your view?
17. Should bigger states involve themselves in the affairs of other countries?
18. ‘There needs to be greater transparency in governance.’ How true is this for your society? – Difficult
19. How justifiable is it for governments to monitor their citizens?
20. ‘Despite increased international cooperation, the world is less peaceful today.’ What is your view
21. Discuss the view that all countries have equal responsibility in protecting refugees.
22. “War is a thing of the past, given how interconnected the world is.” Do you agree?
23. ‘Peace is an unrealistic dream.’ Discuss.
24. ‘An effective government is one that listens to its citizens.’ How far do you agree?
25. To what extent are border controls desirable?
26. Should governments involve themselves in matters related to religion?
27. How successfully has your society balanced the needs of the state against those of the individual?
28. “Governments today need to work harder to gain the support of their people” do you agree? – Difficult

Politics (Others) – Difficult

21. Should companies use celebrities to endorse their products?
22. Are live performances still relevant in this age of media streaming? 
23. ‘The world today is too easily offended.’ How far do you agree?
24. ‘Knowledge is power.’ To what extent is this true?

Insight/Strategy: Politics is an incredibly popular theme both in the A Levels and in the 2023 Prelims; it is very rewarding to look into this theme because of its frequency of coming out (32 questions!). The two main branches of Politics questions look at International Relations (External) and Governance (Internal). International Relations include looking at International Cooperation and Diplomacy, considering what approaches should be recommended, i.e. should it be aggressive and confrontational or should it involve diplomacy and other alternative conflict resolution methods. Questions commonly discuss the importance of international relations and the benefits they present (e.g. solve conflicts, addressing global challenges, preserve peace, forgive transgressions). Questions relating to conflict and war would also fit well into this topic because these are the problems that countries try to prevent. Questions about history would also synergise well since many historical events revolve around conflicts.

Governance looks at the factors that determine good governance (e.g. how it treats the marginalised, wealth, thriving economy, listens to citizens, balance different needs). There are also question that look at how governance involves the restriction of rights or intrusive policies (e.g. control over people’s rights, intervene in personal decisions, responsibility for personal well-being, monitor citizens, getting involved in religion).

Some questions also look at the idea of Borders (e.g. protecting refugees, border controls) and whether countries should prioritise international affairs over domestic ones (to be less conscious of borders).

Pros-Cons of this Theme:

• Highly common in the A Levels
• Less popular with students = Easier to differentiate yourself and score well
• Questions are often very standard. Mastering this theme requires just two main areas of knowing about external international relations between countries and the internal governance within a country |Tip: Start realising that countries and governments may not always be so altruistic, and your essays will sound much more nuanced and matured!
• Examples are easy because an issue happening to a country is a major one, which means that the same issue can be framed in many different ways to suit different questions
• May be intimidating to try this Theme at the start because there are some technical terms and concepts needed. However, these are recurring ideas across different questions and provide significant value once we are exposed to them!

5. Media

Media (Standard)

1. Do social media platforms facilitate or hinder constructive dialogue in your society?
2. The media today focuses more on the trivial rather than what is important. Discuss.
3. ‘The media should give what people want and not what they need.’ Do you agree? – Difficult
4. ‘Looking for advice and friendship in the wrong places.’ Is this how young people today use social media? – Difficult
5. ‘Privacy is only a concern for those who have something to hide.’ To what extent is this true?
6. Consider the view that social media has too much influence over society today.
7. Assess the impact of popular media on the culture of your society.
8. Social media encourages one to speak loudly, not wisely.’ Comment.
9. ‘We should stop reading the news.’ Do you agree?
10. Consider the role of social media in shaping political opinion.
11. Has social media made political participation and activism too superficial?
12. Assess the view that print media is no longer relevant today.
13. Is it true that social media presents too many temptations for young people? – Difficult
14. ‘Instead of uniting society, the media is a polarising force.’ Discuss.
15. ‘Despite having access to extensive information today, we are not any wiser.’ To what extent is this true?

Media (Others) – Difficult

1. To what extent is it fair to expect public figures to be good role models?
2. ‘We expect too much from public figures.’ Discuss.
3. Given their often controversial behaviour, should we continue to idolise celebrities?

Insight/Strategy: Social media is a clear focus of the current trend of questions. Just like Sci & Tech, the first major area of concern lies in looking at Impacts. Firstly, this can look at new media (the internet), including social media and other online content (e.g. influence society, speak loudly, shape political opinion, political participation and activism, presents temptations for young people, provide advice and friendship). Secondly, it can take on a broader scope to consider the media as a whole (e.g. facilitate or hinder dialogue, focuses on the trivial, give people what they want, polarise society).

Media refers generally to the mass media which includes all forms of media, of which new media is a subset. Note that any of these impacts could be switched around (i.e. the ones for online media being asked for media and vice versa).

Another huge group of questions come from thinking about the Reliability of the media (e.g. stop reading the news, more information but not wiser). Other areas of interest include: privacy, politics, celebrities etc.

Pros-Cons of this Theme:

• Overlaps with many other Themes
• Students are usually exposed to ideas of media in schools and in their lives, making this quite relatable (can tap into prior knowledge)
• More popular with students = Harder to differentiate yourself and score well
• Relatively less common than other major Themes, inconsistent (some years it does not appear)

6. Environment

Environment (Standard)

1. Given the rising global demand for food, is it possible for us to safeguard the environment?
2. How far is technology the answer to environmental problems?
3. ‘So close yet so far.’ Is this the outcome of our efforts to address climate change?
4. To what extent have we gone too far with environmental activism?
5. How far can individual countries effectively tackle climate change issues?
6. Given the increasing availability of other energy sources, how necessary is it for countries to continue the use of fossil fuels?
7. Discuss the view that all countries have equal responsibility to protect the environment.
8. ‘The global climate crisis can only be solved through the efforts of developed nations.’ Comment.
9. ‘The solution to climate change is not to be found in technology but by having a simpler lifestyle.’ How far do you agree?
10. Consider the view that a plant-based diet is the only ethical way to eat. – Difficult
11. “Environmental conservation is a losing battle.” Discuss.
12. ‘The state should be largely responsible for environmental protection today.’ Do you agree?
13. To what extent have environmental issues affected the food choices of people in your society?

Environment (Others) – Difficult

1. To what extent does ecotourism encourage environmental conservation?
2. Should tourism be encouraged when it is so damaging to the environment?
3. ‘The best businesses are those which make the most profit.’ Discuss.
4. ‘Too little is being done to hold businesses accountable for the problems they have created.’ How far do you agree?

Insight/Strategy: Unfortuantely, Environment questions have been increasingly unpopular. We hardly see them appear at the A Levels. This trend is reflected in the 2022 and 2023 prelims too.

The first main focus of Environment questions looks at the Severity of the Problem (e.g. still possible to safeguard, necessary to continue fossil fuels). The next one thinks about Evaluating Solutions and considering whether they are effective or feasible (e.g. so close yet so far, gone too far, losing batte).

Notably, we also look at types of Solutions (e.g. technology, simpler lifestyle, plant-based diet). Another major focus considers the various Stakeholders involved, including governments (especially developed countries), the people, companies.

Pros-Cons of this Theme:

• Students are usually exposed to ideas of environment in schools and in their lives, making this quite relatable (can tap into prior knowledge)
• Questions have a lot of overlaps, making it easy to adapt arguments we know for many questions in this theme
• More popular with students = Harder to differentiate yourself and score well
• Relatively less common than other major Themes, inconsistent (some years it does not appear)

7. General

Sports

1. Is it wise for individuals and nations to stop at nothing to achieve sporting excellence?
2. Is fair play still possible in sport today?
3. ‘Major sporting events today are mainly about commercial profits. How far do you agree?
4. To what extent has sport made a positive impact on gender equality?
5. ‘Popular sports are a threat to traditional sports.’ Do you agree?
6. ‘Winning at sport is due to wealth, rather than talent.’ Comment.

History/Humanities

7. ‘Without knowing our history, we are lost’. With reference to your society, to what extent would you agree with this statement?
8. To what extent is the study of local history more important than world history?
9. Consider the view that we have merely been paying lip service to the lessons that history teachers us.

Equality

10. Not enough is being done for people with disabilities in your society. Discuss.
11. To what extent is the concept of gender becoming obsolete in today’s world?
12. Should there be greater involvement of women in decision-making?

Tourism

13. ‘Tourism today is nothing but exploitation.’ Do you agree?
14. Consider the view that travel is a desirable but frivolous pursuit.
15. “Tourists today show little respect for the places they visit.” Is this a fair comment?
16. ‘Foreigners do not see the country the citizens know.’ How far is this true of your society?

City Living

17. City living is increasingly isolating.’ Is this a fair comment?
18. ‘City living is no longer attractive in the world today.’ Discuss.
19. Has city living become less attractive?

Education

20. In our pursuit of academic success, we have forgotten the true aims of education.’ How true is this of your society?
21. Examine the claim that true education only happens outside the classroom.
22. ‘Formal education is less valuable today than it was in the past.’ What is your view?
23. ‘Education liberates.’ Discuss.
24. Is a university degree still necessary today?
25. ‘Education has led to greater inequality.’ How far is this true in your society?

Insight/Strategy: General questions for this year come from a few key areas: Sports, History/Humanities, Equality, Tourism, City Living, Education. We should remember that these General questions are not individual Themes on their own because they are not as popular for A Levels. These General questions should be viewed more as a backup Theme rather than a main Theme that we are preparing for.

These ones that I have selected have some synergistic overlaps with the main themes above (those that do not overlap have been excluded, i.e. family, crime, youths, religion)

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Check out the most recent 2022 A Levels Questions Analysis here 🙂

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